In the context of aspergillosis, which statement is correct regarding the most common species?

• A. Aspergillus niger is the most common species
• B. Aspergillus fumigatus is the most common species
• C. Penicillium marneffei is the most common species
• D. Candida albicans is the most common species

Answer: (B)

Aspergillus fumigatus is the species most commonly responsible for aspergillosis. Its tiny conidia are readily inhaled deep into the lungs, where they can germinate and invade tissues, especially in people with weakened immune systems or damaged airways. Its widespread presence in the environment and ability to thrive at body temperature help it dominate cases of invasive disease and allergic forms as well. Other species like Aspergillus niger can cause disease but far less often; Penicillium marneffei (now Talaromyces marneffei) is associated with specific geographic regions and patient populations, not the overall most common cause; and Candida albicans is a yeast causing candidiasis, not aspergillosis.